In 24 neonates, in phenobarbital resistant neonatal seizures valproic acid (Convulex) was used in drops for oral intake. Practically in all patients pharmacoresistance of seizures was associated with early organic changes in the brain detected by neurovisualization (neurosonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging). A positive effect of treatment (coping with convulsions or their less frequent occurrence by more than 50%) was observed in 19 (79%), an insufficient effect in 5 patients (21%). Along with clinical improvement, a positive dynamics of the indices of electroencephalogram was observed. During the intake of convulex no case of serious side effects were recorded. Therefore, a sufficiently high efficacy of valproic acid (Convulex) is demonstrated for treatment of symptomatic neonatal seizures pharmacoresistant to barbiturates, which permits to recommend this drug for treatment in the neonate.